{"title":"Ancient \u0026 Medieval Empires","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"roman-empire-in-the-augustan-age-a-d-1","title":"Roman Empire in the Augustan Age A.D. 1","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAround \u003cstrong data-start=\"7\" data-end=\"17\"\u003eA.D. 1\u003c\/strong\u003e, the \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eRoman Empire\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e extended across most of the Mediterranean basin, including Italy, Gaul, Hispania, the Balkans, Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt. Its frontiers generally followed natural barriers such as the Rhine and Danube rivers in Europe, the deserts of North Africa and Arabia in the south, and the Euphrates River in the east separating it from the \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eParthian Empire\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShowing through the clouds the area from Ireland and Morocco to China. The Roman Empire shown in yellow, the Parthian Empire in green, Hindustan in gray and China in light yellow. Includes explanation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is a \u003cstrong\u003ereproduction print\u003c\/strong\u003e of a historical map\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eQuin, Edward\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eHughes, W.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e1846\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eSource: \u003cspan\u003eDavid Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Strategy Maps","offers":[{"title":"Unframed \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52783961801046,"sku":null,"price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Unframed \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52783961833814,"sku":null,"price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52783961899350,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52783961932118,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/files\/RomanEmpireintheAugustanAgeA.D.1_cebeda57-308c-4c0e-8df8-1a0ebdc7fb8d.jpg?v=1781344179"},{"product_id":"roman-empire-a-d-1","title":"Roman Empire in the time of Christ","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eBy \u003cstrong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"14\"\u003eA.D. 50\u003c\/strong\u003e, the \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eRoman Empire\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e had expanded further north and west, incorporating Britain’s southern regions after the invasion begun under \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eClaudius\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e in A.D. 43 while consolidating control over Gaul, Hispania, the Balkans, Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt. Its main frontiers continued to follow the Rhine and Danube rivers in Europe, the Sahara and Arabian deserts in the south, and the Euphrates River marking the boundary with the \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eParthian Empire\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e in the east.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJohnson's Roman Empire, in the Time of Christ and his Apostles also Indicating St. Paul's Journeyings.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is a \u003cstrong\u003ereproduction print\u003c\/strong\u003e of a historical map\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eJohnson, A.J.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e1870\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eSource: \u003cspan\u003eDavid Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Strategy Maps","offers":[{"title":"Unframed \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52784016556374,"sku":null,"price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Unframed \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52784016589142,"sku":null,"price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52784016654678,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52784016687446,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/files\/RomanEmpireinthetimeofChrist_65bb8901-d18b-4dbc-83f0-b21a8a530f2b.jpg?v=1781136675"},{"product_id":"roman-empire-a-d-107","title":"Roman Empire AD 107 - Map of the Empire Under Trajan","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eBy \u003cstrong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"15\"\u003eA.D. 107\u003c\/strong\u003e, the \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eRoman Empire\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e reached its greatest territorial extent under \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eTrajan\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e, stretching from Britain and the Atlantic coast across Gaul, Hispania, and the Balkans to Anatolia, Syria, and Egypt. Its borders ran along the Rhine and Danube in Europe, included the newly annexed province of \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eDacia\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e north of the Danube, and extended eastward into \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eMesopotamia\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e following victories over the \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eParthian Empire\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eThis is a \u003cstrong\u003ereproduction print\u003c\/strong\u003e of a historical map\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eWhite, M. Wood\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eYoung, James H.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e1873\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003eSource: \u003cspan\u003eDavid Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Strategy Maps","offers":[{"title":"Unframed \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52784117252438,"sku":null,"price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Unframed \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52784117285206,"sku":null,"price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52784117350742,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52784117383510,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/files\/RomanEmpireAD107-MapoftheEmpireUnderTrajan_6e3bba13-af86-4d1e-85bc-377f554b39db.jpg?v=1781563847"},{"product_id":"roman-empire-a-d-337","title":"Islamic World 945–1055 - Map of the Buyids, Fatimids, and Abbasids","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eBetween 945 and 1055, real political power in much of the Middle East was held by the \u003cstrong data-start=\"86\" data-end=\"111\"\u003eBuyid (Bujid) dynasty\u003c\/strong\u003e, a Shia Iranian military family that controlled Iraq and western Iran while ruling in the name of the weakened Sunni Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad. At the same time, the region was fragmented among several other Islamic states - most notably the \u003cstrong data-start=\"353\" data-end=\"374\"\u003eFatimid Caliphate\u003c\/strong\u003e in Egypt and Syria, the \u003cstrong data-start=\"399\" data-end=\"412\"\u003eHamdanids\u003c\/strong\u003e in northern Syria and the Jazira, and eastern Iranian dynasties such as the \u003cstrong data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"501\"\u003eSamanids\u003c\/strong\u003e and later \u003cstrong data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"526\"\u003eGhaznavids - \u003c\/strong\u003euntil the rise of the Seljuks ended Buyid dominance in 1055.\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eThis is a \u003cstrong\u003ereproduction print\u003c\/strong\u003e of a historical map\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eSpruner von Merz, Karl, 1803-1892.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eMenke, Heinrich Theodor\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e1877\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eSource: \u003cspan\u003eDavid Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Strategy Maps","offers":[{"title":"Unframed \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52784126722390,"sku":null,"price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Unframed \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52784126755158,"sku":null,"price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52784126820694,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52784126853462,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/files\/IslamicWorld945_1055-MapoftheBuyids_Fatimids_andAbbasids_b8b0b987-7315-4ca2-ac21-b893c4349fe9.jpg?v=1781344000"},{"product_id":"mongol-empire-1294","title":"Mongol Empire in 1294 - Map of the Yuan, Ilkhanate, and Golden Horde","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eBefore the death of \u003cstrong data-end=\"61\" data-start=\"20\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eKublai Khan\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e in 1294, the Mongol world was already divided into several major khanates that had emerged from the empire of \u003cstrong data-end=\"213\" data-start=\"172\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eGenghis Khan\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, though Kublai still held the title of Great Khan. The most important states were the \u003cstrong data-end=\"341\" data-start=\"300\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eYuan dynasty\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e in China, the \u003cstrong data-end=\"397\" data-start=\"356\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eIlkhanate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, the \u003cstrong data-end=\"444\" data-start=\"403\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eGolden Horde\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, and the \u003cstrong data-end=\"495\" data-start=\"454\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eChagatai Khanate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, which were politically independent but connected by Mongol imperial tradition.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eThis is a \u003cstrong\u003ereproduction print\u003c\/strong\u003e of a historical map\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eAuthors:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eQuin, Edward\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eHughes, W.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eGilmour \u0026amp; Dean\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e1856\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eSource: \u003cspan\u003eDavid Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Strategy Maps","offers":[{"title":"Unframed \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52793377751382,"sku":null,"price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Unframed \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52793377784150,"sku":null,"price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52793377849686,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52793377882454,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/files\/MongolEmpirein1294-MapoftheYuan_Ilkhanate_andGoldenHorde_739851f0-58d2-4e33-8118-f2edb0881e27.jpg?v=1781344055"},{"product_id":"alexander-the-great-empire-map-print-ancient-campaigns-expanding-territories-illustration","title":"Alexander the Great Empire Map Print - Ancient Campaigns \u0026 Expanding Territories Illustration","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"143b94d1-e602-4c75-8d10-bdf631cffeb6\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-11\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"user\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b07158-b244-838c-8208-ba093f3d6ebc-4\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-12\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"ac7c9643-c6fe-47ec-b36a-f3e368af7c78\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003carticle 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data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"2ad9bef1-93f2-4c18-ba1a-cfc15070c0b4\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"user\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-77\" data-turn-id=\"cb74bd53-922a-4ae1-b29f-16941cde5430\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"assistant\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-78\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b07158-b244-838c-8208-ba093f3d6ebc-17\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-id=\"7c482ac7-bca5-46e0-a17d-75ba48690a59\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"user\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-165\" data-turn-id=\"b6026286-821a-467c-97a8-d80b79b04e32\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"assistant\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-166\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b07158-b244-838c-8208-ba093f3d6ebc-61\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-id=\"3cb76b01-692f-44e8-8b98-6468d6f51d4b\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003csection data-turn=\"user\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-9\" data-turn-id=\"d5f3b28c-cb7c-4350-bb68-cd166051f090\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\"\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection data-turn=\"assistant\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-10\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b9e803-c0b4-8328-a303-e8d21a1c99c6-3\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-turn-start-message=\"true\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-id=\"620f196f-eae3-4459-aa29-df1d28ef47e7\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003csection data-turn=\"user\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-25\" data-turn-id=\"f5037cc5-ea7f-4dc9-a06c-f39aeb3f0297\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\"\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection data-turn=\"assistant\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-26\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b9e803-c0b4-8328-a303-e8d21a1c99c6-11\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-turn-start-message=\"true\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-id=\"2b93072e-598f-48da-a572-5bc3892975d2\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"636fb933-706c-43cf-a631-f42f0bc1bafb\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-27\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"user\"\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b9e803-c0b4-8328-a303-e8d21a1c99c6-12\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-28\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"4fa2bd4d-c78a-4467-8239-02f71f851ec7\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"491\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003eAlexander the Great created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece through Egypt to northwestern India by the age of 32. He never lost a battle, defeating major powers such as the Persian Empire and founding numerous cities, including Alexandria in Egypt. His conquests spread Greek culture across vast regions, shaping the Hellenistic world for centuries\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"491\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003eThis is a r\u003cstrong\u003eeproduction print\u003c\/strong\u003e of a historical map\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eL'Isle, Guillaume de, 1675-1726\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e1731\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003eSource: \u003cspan\u003eDavid Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Strategy Maps","offers":[{"title":"Unframed \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52923466056022,"sku":null,"price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Unframed \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52923466088790,"sku":null,"price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":52923466121558,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":52923466154326,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/files\/AlexandertheGreatEmpireMapPrint-AncientCampaigns_ExpandingTerritoriesIllustration_e7622174-0367-43f3-8d75-6351f0f7448d.jpg?v=1781559863"},{"product_id":"ancient-greece-map-poster-1865-vintage-greek-macedonian-historical-atlas-wall-art","title":"Ancient Greece Map Poster - Vintage Greek \u0026 Macedonian Historical Atlas Wall Art","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"143b94d1-e602-4c75-8d10-bdf631cffeb6\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-11\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"user\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b07158-b244-838c-8208-ba093f3d6ebc-4\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-12\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"ac7c9643-c6fe-47ec-b36a-f3e368af7c78\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"user\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-21\" data-turn-id=\"a144530f-6f80-4058-894d-1fd23d1c5476\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"assistant\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-22\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b07158-b244-838c-8208-ba093f3d6ebc-0\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-id=\"639db1f7-9c3c-48a9-ad2e-9c2721337911\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"127\" data-end=\"572\"\u003eDiscover a remarkable historical map poster titled “Graecia, Macedonia, Thracia etc. inde a belli Peloponnesiaci tempore,” created by \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eKarl Spruner von Merz\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e and Th. Menke in 1865. Published by Justus Perthes as part of the renowned “Spruner-Menke Atlas Antiquus,” this antique-style map presents a detailed view of Ancient Greece, Macedonia, and Thracia during the era of the Peloponnesian War.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"574\" data-end=\"1138\"\u003eThis beautifully hand-colored atlas map features detailed topography with reliefs illustrated through hachures, a classic cartographic shading technique widely used in 19th-century mapmaking. The composition includes a central map of the Balkan Peninsula alongside inset maps highlighting important historical locations and battle sites such as Marathon, Plataeae, Leuctra, Mantinea, and Macedonia. These detailed inserts provide historical depth and visual richness, making the poster especially appealing to history enthusiasts and lovers of classical antiquity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1428\"\u003ePrinted in a refined vintage atlas style, this historical Greece map poster combines geographic precision with elegant antique aesthetics. It is an ideal wall decor piece for offices, libraries, studies, classrooms, or living spaces inspired by ancient history and classical civilization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1430\" data-end=\"1634\"\u003ePerfect for collectors, historians, travelers, educators, and fans of Ancient Greece, this reproduction print brings the legendary world of classical antiquity into your home with timeless sophistication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-is-only-node=\"\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-end=\"402\" data-start=\"0\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is a \u003cstrong data-start=\"2361\" data-end=\"2383\"\u003ereproduction print\u003c\/strong\u003e of a historical map\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMenke, Th.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1865\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003eSource: \u003cspan\u003eDavid Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Strategy Maps","offers":[{"title":"Unframed \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":53785107857750,"sku":null,"price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Unframed \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":53785107890518,"sku":null,"price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":53785107923286,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":53785107956054,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/files\/AncientGreeceMapPoster_1865_-VintageGreek_MacedonianHistoricalAtlasWallArt_b37c4e8a-5cf8-468d-a952-303d9eb42b99.jpg?v=1781564443"},{"product_id":"carolingian-empire-map-poster-1854-vintage-medieval-europe-historical-wall-art","title":"Carolingian Empire Map Poster - Vintage Medieval Europe Historical Wall Art","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"user\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-11\" data-turn-id=\"143b94d1-e602-4c75-8d10-bdf631cffeb6\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"assistant\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-12\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b07158-b244-838c-8208-ba093f3d6ebc-4\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-id=\"ac7c9643-c6fe-47ec-b36a-f3e368af7c78\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"a144530f-6f80-4058-894d-1fd23d1c5476\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-21\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"user\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b07158-b244-838c-8208-ba093f3d6ebc-0\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-22\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"639db1f7-9c3c-48a9-ad2e-9c2721337911\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"652\" data-start=\"122\"\u003eExplore the fascinating history of medieval Europe with this detailed Carolingian Empire map poster titled “Die Reiche der Karolinger,” created by \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eKarl Spruner von Merz\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e and published in 1854 by Justus Perthes as part of “K.v. Spruner's histor. Atlas: Deutschland u.a.” This beautifully restored historical atlas map presents the territories of the Carolingian Empire following the Treaty of Verdun in 843, one of the most important political divisions in early European history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1118\" data-start=\"654\"\u003eThis hand-colored historical map uses traditional 19th-century cartographic techniques, including hachures to illustrate terrain and relief. Distinct regional coloring clearly separates the territories controlled by Lothair I, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald after the partition of Charlemagne’s empire. The intricate geographic details and refined engraving style reflect the precision and craftsmanship characteristic of mid-19th-century atlas production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1451\" data-start=\"1120\"\u003eThe map offers a broad overview of medieval Europe during the Carolingian period, highlighting the foundations of many modern European states. Combining historical significance with elegant antique aesthetics, this vintage map poster is ideal for history enthusiasts, educators, collectors, and lovers of medieval European history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1668\" data-start=\"1453\"\u003ePerfect as wall decor for offices, libraries, classrooms, studies, or living spaces, this reproduction print brings the legacy of Charlemagne and the early medieval world into your home with timeless sophistication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"402\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is a \u003cstrong data-end=\"2383\" data-start=\"2361\"\u003ereproduction print\u003c\/strong\u003e of a historical map\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSpruner von Merz, Karl\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1854\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchContainer\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"linkSearchHideSearchAll\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eSource: \u003cspan\u003eDavid Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Strategy Maps","offers":[{"title":"Unframed \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":53785196331350,"sku":null,"price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Unframed \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":53785196364118,"sku":null,"price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":53785196396886,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":53785196429654,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/files\/CarolingianEmpireMapPoster_1854_-VintageMedievalEuropeHistoricalWallArt_1de60072-ea61-48c7-aff9-5e0bdd1db1f1.jpg?v=1781374540"},{"product_id":"ancient-mediterranean-map-poster-punic-wars-mithridates-historical-wall-art","title":"Ancient Mediterranean Map Poster - Punic Wars \u0026 Mithridates Historical Wall Art","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"user\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-11\" data-turn-id=\"143b94d1-e602-4c75-8d10-bdf631cffeb6\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003carticle data-turn=\"assistant\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-12\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b07158-b244-838c-8208-ba093f3d6ebc-4\" dir=\"auto\" class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-id=\"ac7c9643-c6fe-47ec-b36a-f3e368af7c78\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-(--header-height)\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"a144530f-6f80-4058-894d-1fd23d1c5476\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-21\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"user\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003carticle class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [\u0026amp;:has([data-writing-block])\u0026gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-69b07158-b244-838c-8208-ba093f3d6ebc-0\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-22\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"639db1f7-9c3c-48a9-ad2e-9c2721337911\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word dark markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"677\" data-start=\"136\"\u003eExplore the political and cultural landscape of the ancient world with this remarkable \u003cstrong data-end=\"295\" data-start=\"259\"\u003eAncient Mediterranean Map Poster\u003c\/strong\u003e, created by \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eKarl Spruner von Merz\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eTheodor Menke\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e in 1865. Published as part of the renowned \u003cem data-end=\"461\" data-start=\"431\"\u003eSpruner-Menke Atlas Antiquus\u003c\/em\u003e, this beautifully hand-colored historical map illustrates the Mediterranean region from the era of the Hannibalic Wars to the age of Mithridates, covering one of the most transformative periods in classical history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1071\" data-start=\"679\"\u003eRendered with exceptional detail, the map depicts the ancient Mediterranean basin and surrounding territories, including Greece, Macedonia, Asia Minor, North Africa, and the Italian Peninsula. Political boundaries, major cities, trade routes, and geographic features are carefully identified, providing a comprehensive view of the civilizations that shaped the foundations of Western history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1388\" data-start=\"1073\"\u003eHand coloring distinguishes ancient kingdoms, republics, and spheres of influence, while hachures illustrate mountains and terrain, giving depth and dimension to the landscape. The map reflects the scholarly cartographic standards of the 19th century, combining historical research with elegant visual presentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1769\" data-start=\"1390\"\u003eParticular attention is given to the great powers of the classical world, including Rome, Carthage, the Hellenistic kingdoms, and the territories associated with \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eMithridates VI Eupator\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e. Detailed inset maps highlight significant locations such as Carthage and the volcanic islands between Thera and Therasia, offering additional historical and geographical context.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2134\" data-start=\"1771\"\u003eThe map captures the geopolitical struggles that defined the ancient Mediterranean, from the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage to the expansion of Hellenistic influence and the conflicts that shaped the late Republican era. As both a historical document and decorative artwork, it offers a fascinating window into the interconnected civilizations of antiquity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"2374\" data-start=\"2136\"\u003ePerfect for historians, classicists, educators, students, and collectors of antique maps, this ancient history poster brings intellectual depth and timeless elegance to libraries, studies, classrooms, offices, and sophisticated interiors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"402\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is a \u003cstrong data-end=\"2383\" data-start=\"2361\"\u003ereproduction print\u003c\/strong\u003e of a historical map\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/article\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMenke, Th.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"clsb collapsible_default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueFieldDisplayNameTD\" aria-level=\"3\" role=\"heading\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"valueValueTD\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1865\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"singleValueValue\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSource: David Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Strategy Maps","offers":[{"title":"Unframed \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":54053375344982,"sku":null,"price":43.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Unframed \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":54053375377750,"sku":null,"price":33.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 91x61cm | 24x36in","offer_id":54053375410518,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Black Frame \/ 70x50cm | 28x20in","offer_id":54053375443286,"sku":null,"price":85.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/files\/AncientMediterraneanMapPoster-PunicWars_MithridatesHistoricalWallArt_1b0f4a4d-1ba5-44b4-aba5-09e7b3197c5d.jpg?v=1781476238"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1005\/3786\/0438\/collections\/RomanEmpireAD107-MapoftheEmpireUnderTrajan1.jpg?v=1779405050","url":"https:\/\/nl.strategymaps.co\/en\/collections\/ancient-medieval-empires.oembed","provider":"Strategy Maps","version":"1.0","type":"link"}